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1989-09-14
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AutomaTron A one dimensional Cellular Automation
by Gary Teachout
This program is in the Public Domain
Cellular automata can produce interesting images from remarkably simple
computations. A one dimensional automation takes place in an array of cells
where the state of each cell is based on the previous state of all the
cells in its neighborhood. Successive generations of cells may be displayed
together giving the display one spacial axis and one time axis.
In AutomaTron each cell may have one of eight states numbered zero
through seven. Each state number is represented by a color ( 0 = black ,
1 = red , 2 = green , 3 = blue , 4 = yellow , 5 = purple , 6 = aqua ,
7 = white ). To find the new state of each cell the previous state of all
of the cells in the neighborhood are added together and used as an index
into a list of numbers called the rule. Rules are read from right to left
and padded on the left with zeros.
Example Rule:
Sum of cell states ...9876543210
Rule ...0000321130
In this example if the sum of the states of all the cells in the
neighborhood equals 4 the new state of the cell is 2 and is colored green.
Some interesting rules:
Rule: Seed:
2 cell neighborhood:
10210 1,2
2550340420 1,2,111,1111,random
22121400 111222,random
3 cell neighborhood:
3212020130 123,random
331302100 random
324322403420 1111,1234,random
3311100320 1,23,11,random
4444033423410 4,4444440430444,random
4 cell neighborhood:
220010 11,1011,random
202010 1,41,1000041,random
330013330310 1,1111,random
5 cell neighborhood:
231320320111332 1,random
2210340 1,2,1000002,100000333,random
10100 11111,10111011,1001111011,random
110100 1111111111111000001111111111,random
7 cell neighborhood:
1011000 1111111111011,random
Summary of menu options:
Control
Stop Halts the automation.
Continue Continues the automation from where it left off.
Precision Sets the size of the array and the display resolution.
160 Low precision but fast.
320 Medium precision.
640 High precision but slow.
Neighborhood Selects the cells that make up each cells neighborhood.
2 Cells One cell on each side of the current cell.
3 Cells One cell on each side and the current cell.
4 Cells Two cells on each side of the current cell.
5 Cells Two cells on each side and the current cell.
6 Cells Three cells on each side of the current cell.
7 Cells Three cells on each side and the current cell.
Modes Automates what happens at the buttom of each frame.
Stop Halts the automation.
New Seed Restarts the automation with a new random seed.
New Rule Continues the automation with a new random rule.
Quit Exits the program.
Rule
Random Creates a new rule at random.
Custom Allows you to type in a new rule (digits 0 to 7 only).
Seed
Random Restarts the automation with a new random seed.
Custom Allows you to type in a new seed (digits 0 to 7 only).
Old Seed Restarts with the current custom seed.
Recommended Reading:
Computer Software in Science and Mathmatics.
Stephen Wolfram in Scientific American, Vol. 251, No. 3,
pages 188-203; September 1984.
Computer Recreations. Bulding Computers in one dimension sheds light on
irreducibly complicated phenomena.
A. K. Dewdney in Scientific American, Vol. 252, No. 5,
pages 18-30; May 1985.
Computer Recreations. The cellular automation offers a model of the
world and a world unto itself.
Brian Hayes in Scientific American, Vol. 250, No. 3,
pages 12-21; March 1984.